Glossary
Clinical Research
1) Patient-oriented research. Research conducted with human subjects (or on material of human origin such as tissues, specimens, and cognitive phenomena) for which an investigator (or colleague) directly interacts with human subjects. Excluded from this definition are in vitro studies that utilize human tissues that cannot be linked to a living individual. It includes: (a) mechanisms of human disease, (b), therapeutic interventions, (c) clinical trials, or (d) development of new technologies.
2) Epidemiological and behavioral studies.
3) Outcomes research and health services research
Studies falling under 45 CFR 46.101(b) (4) (Exemption 4) are not considered clinical research by this definition.
R
Research and Development Contract
Research Centers
Research Grants
Major extramural research grants awarded to institutions, hospitals, and other research organizations, including small businesses, to support circumscribed research led by investigators, create developmental opportunities, and to provide research related resources under programs such as Research Careers, Research Centers, Research Projects, SBIR/STTRs, and Other Research.
Research Misconduct
Fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reporting research, or in reporting research results.
- Fabrication is making up data or results and recording or reporting them.
- Falsification is manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data or results such that research is not accurately represented in the research record.
- Plagiarism is the appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit.
- Research misconduct does not include honest error or honest differences of opinion.
Research Patient Care Costs
Research Portfolio
RPPR
S
Salary Cap
SBIR
Scored Review Criteria
Significant Differences
Specific Aims
STTR
Success Rate Base
T
Training Awards
Translational Research
Translational research includes two areas of translation. One is the process of applying discoveries generated during research in the laboratory, and in preclinical studies, to the development of trials and studies in humans. The second area of translation concerns research aimed at enhancing the adoption of best practices in the community. Cost-effectiveness of prevention and treatment strategies is also an important part of translational science.
U
Underrepresented Group
Used as an eligibility requirement for diversity supplements, fellowships (F31), and other NIH programs.